Solar charge controllers are devices that use the power of the sun in controlling the amount of charge carried by batteries. The term "charge controller" is used broadly to describe any one of a number of devices that can be designed to limit the charging rate of batteries, and in most cases it refers to the regulator. A charge controller, battery regulator or charge controller limits the rate at which electrical current is drawn or added to or drawn from batteries.
A solar charge controller basically consists of four main components, a solar panel, the charge controller itself, a load tolerant battery or a combination of both and an inverter. A battery is required to operate a charge controller. Generally, a single type of battery is used, either a deep cycle battery or a NiCad (or nickel cadmium) battery, so long as the correct batteries specifications are present in the system.
As with any electrical device, a solar charging controller must be able to cope with the load on it. The solar panel, in conjunction with the charge controller and the load tolerant battery, limits the maximum draw of the battery. A good design should allow the maximum energy that can be drawn and still be kept within the safety parameters of the charging system. In addition to being able to cope with maximum energy, the solar panel and the load tolerant battery also need to be designed in such a way as to ensure that the solar charge controller does not overheat. This can cause damage to the unit and short out the charging system.
Low Voltage Disconnect. Low voltage disconnection occurs when a connecting wire becomes hot, and the conductor shorts out. In this case, the DC current will flow to the breaker panel and will shut down the DC input to the batteries. Some solar charge controllers allow for the use of batteries with low voltage connections, so long as the appropriate low voltage disconnect function has been selected. Using these batteries with low voltage disconnect functions is useful in that the ability to turn the DC connection on and off at will, as well as the ability to set the time the battery will turn on and off.
Safe operating environment. The controller should be designed to operate safely in any environment, with varying temperatures and humidity levels. It is important for the panel and the batteries to be protected from moisture. The temperature range for the battery should also be carefully considered, so that the battery can be used safely around the house.
Easy installation. Installation of a solar panel charge controller should be easy for even the most novice of installers. The panel itself should be fastened into the roof, with screws or nails to secure it tightly. Installation of the controller should be quick and easy, without having to drill into the roof or under floor boards. All wires should be properly tied and avoid wrapping any cable wires around the solar panel, as this can damage them.
英语
